基于波动耦合的复杂结构动力响应分析与研究

有限元法(FEM)适合低频分析,统计能量分析(SEA)方法适合高频分析,而一类较宽频带(中频段)的声振响应问题不适合单独用FEM或SEA方法解决。基于波动耦合的混合FE-SEA方法兼顾了FEM与SEA方法的优点,可预测中频段含一定不确定性的声振系统的稳态响应。本文阐释了混合FE-SEA方法的理论,分别通过典型结构的蒙特卡罗仿真与复杂系统的噪声试验两案例对该方法进行了验证,其中梁-板典型结构能量响应计算值与蒙特卡罗仿真值具有较好的一致性;复杂飞行器系统的振动响应与试验结果较为吻合,舱内噪声声压级(SPL)误差小于3dB,证明了混合FESEA方法的有效性,解决了FEM与SEA方法在中频复杂声振响应中的局限性这一问题。     

未知互耦条件下混合信号波达方向估计

阵列天线互耦对导向矢量的扰动以及信号相干性对数据协方差矩阵造成的秩损,使得基于子空间正交性原理的超分辨波达方向估计(Direction-of-Arrival,DOA)算法性能恶化,甚至失效。针对这一问题,提出一种在相干与非相干信号混合状态下无需阵列互耦补偿的特征矢量平滑DOA估计算法。该算法对部分阵元接收数据的协方差矩阵特征分解,将得到的特征矢量平滑处理后构造等效协方差矩阵,抑制阵列互耦影响的同时完成混合信号DOA估计。在阵列互耦和信号相干性均未知的条件下,正确估计了信号DOA,无需互耦参数估计或补偿。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

两种不同形式前起落架缓冲与前轮转弯性能对比研究

缓冲与前轮转弯纠偏性能对起落架设计具有重要影响。采用ADAMS软件分别建立支柱式和摇臂式前起落架的飞机刚柔耦合动力学模型,并分别对前起落架的着陆缓冲和转弯纠偏过程进行动力学仿真及对比分析。结果表明:在同种着陆工况下,支柱式比摇臂式前起落架样机在前起落架航向所受合力更大,前轮接地后的俯仰角速度和机头下沉量相差不大;支柱式比摇臂式前起落架样机在更小的操纵力矩、转弯角度和侧向加速度下就会发生飞机侧滑。研究结果可为前起落架的设计和选取提供有益参考。     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on the lateral-directional departure prediction and restraint

The experimental data obtained from yaw-roll coupled wind tunnel tests are used for lateral-directional departure prediction, by linearizing the_b model to extract nominal dynamic derivatives at each coupling ratio.The prediction results are compared with those of the existing engineering methods which are based on the conventional aerodynamic derivatives.The comparison shows that the yaw-roll coupling ratio has a great influence on the departure susceptibility.The departure resistance will loss in partial region of the coupling ratio when the angle of attack is higher than a critical value.According to the stable and unstable regions of coupling ratio, a two-segment stability augmentation system with two different feedback gain matrices is obtained by pole-placement method.The two-segment stability augmentation system is used in the simulations of straight and level flight, steady turn, spin recovery and Herbst maneuver.The simulation results are also compared with the applications of a fixed-gain stability augmentation system designed by the conventional aerodynamic derivatives.When the yaw-roll coupling effects are fully considered, the two-segment stability augmentation system is more effective for departure restraint and can provide a better flying quality with less control energy.     

利用模拟试验研究APC预测准则的适应性

使用多种飞机系统构型的人机耦合(APC)振荡地面模拟试验数据,研究各种Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类APC预测准则的适用性,通过对比分析试验中试飞员评分结果和各种准则计算结果,得到APC预测准则与试飞员APC趋势评分的符合率。研究结果表明,现有的APC预测准则并非预想的那样有效,进而针对APC预测准则和模拟试验提出改进建议。     

基于压电纤维复合材料的航天器动力学建模与振动抑制

压电纤维复合材料(MFC)在柔性航天器的振动主动抑制中具有很好的应用前景。利用哈密顿原理和压电驱动的载荷比拟方法,建立了带MFC压电驱动的离散形式的刚柔耦合动力学方程,采用线性二次型最优控制(LQR)算法进行主动控制。结果表明：在航天器的柔性体受到脉冲载荷激励条件下,使用MFC驱动器可以实现航天器挠性振动的快速抑制,并且同时保持中心刚体姿态的稳定性,即能够实现挠性振动与姿态运动的协同控制。基于MFC的主动控制方法对于高频响应也具有较好的控制效果。对于柔性占优的航天器,采用MFC的主动控制优于被动控制。本文方法在处理具有复杂柔性体的航天器时更具优势,更适合于工程应用。     

电动式磁悬浮动量球电磁场耦合分析

本文针对电动式磁悬浮动量球(Electrodynamic suspension reaction sphere, EDSRS)的电磁场耦合进行分析，采用定子绕组的感应电动势评判耦合强度，提出了耦合强度评判指标，作为EDSRS的结构设计约束，以降低电磁场耦合的影响。首先，结合EDSRS的具体结构特点，对多定子之间的电磁场耦合问题进行分析，采用定子电磁场在另一个定子绕组中产生的感应电动势评判耦合强度。然后，对感应电动势产生规律进行分析，提出了耦合强度评判指标，并基于所提评判指标，建立了耦合约束验证流程，作为EDSRS的结构设计约束，最后，通过有限元仿真和实验验证了上述电磁场耦合分析。     

基于动态补偿的多电机控制算法

多电机协调控制达到转速一致是电机控制中的一个关键难题，外加负载变动和电机参数变化时会引起电机性能的下降，达不到良好的控制效果。为使电机间保持转速同步，建立了永磁同步电机d-q坐标系下的矢量控制数学模型，基于转速跟随控制，提出一种基于单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器进行偏差耦合控制。在MATLAB/Simulink建立了3台永磁同步电机的仿真模型。仿真结果表明，与传统PID固定增益速度补偿器算法相比，单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器具有更强的鲁棒性以及更快的收敛性。     

飞机封闭腔室减重降噪优化方法

噪声水平是现代飞机封闭腔室设计的重要指标,设计中单纯地对壁板进行加肋处理虽能显著降低噪声但会大大增加结构质量,为此对由封闭腔室构成的结构-声耦合系统进行了减重降噪优化研究。基于结构-声耦合有限元模型,利用有限元软件ACTRAN计算了频谱加载时舱内的声压响应。通过试验对简化处理及数值计算进行了验证,并修正了相关模型参数。为了降低结构质量,以加强肋为边界对舱门壁板进行了分区,通过对各个区域壁板厚度及肋条截面积的优化设计,使系统动刚度分配更趋合理,降低了声辐射能量以及结构-声腔的耦合性,从而实现了在满足噪声约束条件下减轻结构质量的目标。本文的工作对实际工程中由加肋壁板所构成的类似结构的减重降噪设计有着较好的工程指导价值。     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.